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By Erda Khursyiah Basir
Believing that the enculturation of integrity has to start young, the Malaysian Institute of Integrity (Integrity) has created a preschool integrity module to encourage children to assimilate its values and practices.
The module will be implemented in selected government-run preschools in the Klang Valley and Terengganu as part of a pilot project by the institute, in collaboration with the Education Ministry.
Integrity president and chief executive officer Datuk Dr Anis Yusal Yusoff said they have been working on this initiative since July this year and that the module has already been submitted to the Education Ministry.
“We’re now in the process of transferring information to the preschools concerned to prepare them to implement the module,” he told Bernama, recently at the sidelines of the Asean Integrity Dialogue (AID) held at the institute, here.
He said the preschool integrity module would utilise fun learning techniques such as storytelling to enable the children to absorb noble or moral values associated with integrity and, indirectly, apply them in their day-to-day life.
“We are not introducing integrity to preschoolers as a separate subject. On the contrary, we are introducing it as an additional element or value to what is being taught now,” explained Anis Yusal, adding that the module was in alignment with the standard national preschool curriculum.
“If you were to look at the existing preschool curriculum, you can see that it mainly focuses on teaching children how to read and spell. In the context of imparting noble values to them, there’s not much (focus).”
Good role models
Expressing his hope that the initiative would help cultivate and promote enculturation of integrity in children, Anis Yusal said parents too need to do their part by being good role models to their young children.
“Remember, integrity education has to start at home. If children learn about integrity in school but at home, their parents practise values contrary to what they have learnt, they will become confused,” he added.
Sharing her views on the same subject, assistant ombudsman of prosecution information, evaluation and monitoring services at the Office of the Ombudsman in the Philippines, Maribeth T. Padios, said early exposure to integrity issues would enable individuals to properly discharge the duties they are entrusted with once they start working.
“We should start teaching integrity (to children) at a younger age so by the time they start rendering their services, it (integrity) is already there.
“We don’t have to teach them what is good or what is wrong because they already have integrity in mind,” said Padios, one of the panellists at the Asean Integrity Dialogue.
Not limited to civil service
Speaking about public misconceptions about integrity issues, Anis Yusal said there was a tendency for most people to relate lack of integrity to only bribery and corrupt practices.
“They also assume that integrity issues only affect the civil service and politicians,” he said.
In reality, he pointed out, lack of integrity was not entirely about taking or offering bribes or being involved in corrupt practices but was also about abusing one’s position or power by practising nepotism and submitting falsified claims.
“Integrity is something that has to be present in all sectors and not limited to only the civil service or politicians as what many people think,” he said.
“If you take a look at the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009, you will see that there are many other issues related to integrity.”
He said it was important for society to rectify any misconceptions they may have about integrity and have a more comprehensive understanding of the term so that they can refrain from committing any act that would smear not only their image but also that of their department or agency.
The Philippines experience
Meanwhile, speaking at the Asean Integrity Dialogue, Padios said the Philippines has implemented various programmes to promote integrity and good public service delivery.
She said good governance reforms initiated in her country that have succeeded in improving public service delivery include the implementation of the Anti-Red Tape Act 2007 to reduce bureaucracy and the citizen satisfaction index system (CSIS), which is a community report card to assess the performance of the government’s public service delivery.
“Citizens today are more aware of their rights, have better access to information on public services and consequently have higher expectations of service levels.
“The reality of the public sector today is that it is assessed by the efficiency of its service delivery and it is no longer by the revenue it generates or the employment it provides,” she said.
Padios said her country also has a Citizens First programme to enable the people to call or send emails to the relevant government department or agency if they have complaints.
“We also have a service where people can immediately report, inquire, complain, suggest or comment on anything about government matters via SMS,” she said, adding that about 1,000 to 1,500 such messages are received monthly.
The Philippines is also enhancing the use of the electronic channel in public administrative matters.
“The United Nations (UN) sees e-government as an effective tool for public service since it promotes accountability and transparency,” said Padios, adding that based on the 2016 UN E-Government Survey, the Philippines had climbed 24 notches to rank 71st out of 193 countries in e-government development.
“The Philippines also obtained a high score in the E-Government Development Index, with a total of 0.58 out of a perfect score of 1, beating other Asian neighbours. The global average is at 0.5,” she added.
Third integrity dialogue
The ASEAN Integrity Dialogue (AID) 2017 is the third one to be organised by the Malaysian Institute of Integrity, the first two having been held in 2008 and 2015.
This year’s theme was “Reinventing Good Governance Through Universal Values”.
AID 2017, held on Oct 26, was aimed at discussing and sharing information, experiences and lessons related to the role played by universal values in enhancing governance.
The dialogue also served as a platform for Asean member states to exchange ideas for fostering universal values and strengthening strategic and federal networks between institutions and individuals that champion integrity.
AID 2017 attracted about 200 participants from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Singapore and they comprised policymakers, good governance practitioners, intellectuals, and representatives from the private sector and civil society.
Source: Bernama[:my]Oleh Erda Khursyiah Basir
ISU íntegriti bukan sahaja sinonim dengan amalan rasuah atau sogokan tetapi merangkumi juga salah guna kuasa seperti yang termaktub di bawah Akta Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM).
Ia juga tidak terhad kepada penjawat awam mahupun ahli politik semata-mata.
“Rasuah hanyalah sebahagian kecil dalam integriti dan tadbir urus yang baik sedangkan banyak perkara lain yang menyalahi konsep integriti yang perlu diperbetulkan.
“Amat penting untuk setiap lapisan masyarakat memahami konsep integriti secara menyeluruh kerana ia mampu mengelak salah laku atau salah guna kuasa yang boleh mencalar imej individu, jabatan atau agensi terlibat,” kata Datuk Dr Anis Yusal Yusoff, Presiden dan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Institut Integriti Malaysia (INTEGRITI).
Beliau berkata demikian kepada Bernama pada majlis Dialog Integriti ASEAN 2017 (AID 2017), di institut berkenaan baru-baru ini.
Dalam menangani isu yang membabitkan salah laku dan salah guna kuasa ini, amat bertepatan sekali langkah yang diambil oleh INTEGRITI selaras dengan peribahasa “melentur buluh biarlah dari rebungnya”.
Sebagai usaha memperluas serta mempertingkatkan kefahaman masyarakat berhubung integriti di setiap peringkat, Anis Yusal berkata antara inisiatif pendidikan integriti yang terbaru dijalankan ialah memperkenalkannya di peringkat pra sekolah.
Menurut beliau, pihaknya membangunkan Modul Integriti Prasekolah (MIPs) sebagai projek perintis di beberapa buah tadika di Lembah Klang dan Terengganu.
Inisiatif yang bermula akhir 2016 dibuat secara kerjasama dengan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dan melibatkan prasekolah yang dikendalikan kementerian.
Ia memberi fokus kepada konsep penceritaan bersifat pembelajaran yang menyeronokkan untuk memudahkan pemahaman dan secara langsung turut menerapkan elemen nilai murni dalam kehidupan seharian.
“Ujian perintis dijalankan di 11 buah tadika di Lembah Klang dan Terengganu. Kami bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Pendidikan dalam membangunkan modul yang bersesuaian untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran.
“Ia bukan subjek khas sebaliknya nilai tambahan dalam subjek yang diajar. Ia juga diselarikan dengan Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan yang sedia ada. Jika kita lihat dalam kurikulum tadika yang ada sekarang, majoritinya fokus untuk menjadikan anak pandai membaca dan mengeja, tetapi dalam konteks mendidik dengan nilai-nilai murni, agak kurang,” katanya.
Beliau turut berkata inisiatif berkenaan diharap dapat membantu dalam memupuk dan membudayakan integriti di peringkat awal.
Ibu bapa turut perlu memainkan peranan dalam mempamer contoh yang baik kepada anak.
“Perlu diingat pendidikan integriti ini perlu bermula dari rumah. Ibu bapa perlu memainkan peranan dan tidak boleh semata-mata mengharapkan cikgu di sekolah sahaja. Ringkasnya, ia memerlukan kerjasama semua pihak.
“Jika cikgu di sekolah mengajar tentang integriti tetapi di rumah ibu bapa menunjukkan nilai yang tidak baik, pasti akan timbul kekeliruan kepada anak,” katanya sambil menambah peranan media juga amat besar dalam membantu menyebarluaskan isu berkaitan integriti agar dapat difahami semua pihak.
Pengalaman Filipina
Ketika berkongsi pandangan, seorang panel dialog berkenaan dari Filipina, Penolong Ombudsman Maklumat Pendakwaan, Khidmat Penilaian dan Pemantauan, Maribeth T. Padios berkata pendidikan awal mengenai integriti boleh membantu seseorang individu menjalankan amanah dan tugas dengan baik apabila melangkah ke alam pekerjaan.
“Kita perlu mendidik integriti pada usia muda supaya nilai murni ini sudah ada dalam diri individu ketika dia memasuki dunia pekerjaan. Pada masa itu kita tak perlu lagi nak ajar apa yang betul dan apa yang salah kerana dia sudah tahu makna integriti.
“Bagi saya integriti faktor amat penting untuk tadbir urus yang baik. Setiap orang terutamanya yang berkhidmat untuk orang ramai mempunyai nilai integriti bukan kerana mereka diberi gaji tetapi itu adalah yang sewajarnya dilakukan, ” katanya.
Menurut beliau, di Filipina juga ada dijalankan beberapa program berkaitan integriti, contohnya program anti rasuah yang melibatkan penyertaan orang awam termasuk organisasi swasta.
Dalam pembentangan bertajuk ‘Mapping Solutions: Effective Tools for Improving Public Services – The Philippines Experiences’, Maribeth turut berkongsi bahawa tadbir urus, akauntabiliti dan penyampaian perkhidmatan awam adalah saling berkait.
Beliau berkata adalah penting untuk kerajaan fokus kepada penyampaian perkhidmatan awam kerana rakyat sering kali melihat sektor berkenaan sebagai ‘pembekal perkhidmatan’ dan mereka membayar cukai untuk mendapatkannya.
“Rakyat pada masa ini lebih sedar tentang hak mereka, dan mudah mendapat maklumat tentang perkhidmatan awam dan semestinya mahu khidmat yang lebih baik. Hakikatnya sektor awam dinilai daripada kecekapan perkhidmatan dan bukan berapa banyak hasil yang diperoleh atau pekerjaan yang disediakan.
“Perubahan tadbir urus yang baik yang dilaksanakan di Filipina yang kini menjadi alat berkesan untuk membaiki perkhidmatan awam termasuk sistem pemantauan kerenah birokrasi, sistem indeks kepuasan rakyat (CSIS) dan penggunaan sumber teknologi seperti insfrastruktur komunikasi, ” katanya.
“Kami juga mempunyai perkhidmatan yang membolehkan orang ramai membuat laporan serta-merta, membuat pertanyaan, aduan atau memberi komen atau cadangan tentang perkara berkaitan kerajaan menerusi SMS yang dipanggil TXT CSC,” katanya sambil menambah TXT CSC menerima purata 1,000 hingga 1,500 mesej sebulan.
Perkhidmatan secara e-government turut digunakan dalam pentadbiran awam terutama bagi tujuan pengurusan penyelarasan data serta meningkatkan penyampaian perkhidmatan dan pengembangan saluran komunikasi.
“Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) menganggap e-government sebagai alat berkesan untuk perkhidmatan awam kerana ia meningkatkan kebertanggungjawapan dan ketelusan. Berdasarkan kajian 2016 UN E-Government Survey, Filipina kini berada di tempat 71 daripada 193 negara, naik 24 anak tangga dari aspek pembangunan e-government.
“Filipina memperoleh markah tinggi dalam E-Government Development Index (EDGI), dengan jumlah 0.58 dari markah penuh 1, menewaskan negara jiran Asia yang lain. Purata global ialah 0.5,” katanya.
AID 2017 adalah yang ketiga diadakan selepas 2008 dan 2015 dengan tema pada kali ini ‘Reinventing Good Governance Through Universal Values’ (Memupuk Tadbir Urus Baik Melalui Nilai-Nilai Sejagat).
Tiga objektif utama AID 2017 ialah membincang dan berkongsi pengetahuan, pengalaman serta pengajaran mengenai peranan nilai sejagat dalam meningkatkan tadbir urus yang baik, menyediakan platform untuk bertukar idea dan tindakan untuk memupuk nilai sejagat dan mempromosikan komuniti ASEAN yang inklusif di samping mengukuhkan rangkaian strategik dan persekutuan antara institusi dan individu yang integriti juara di negara ASEAN.
AID 2017 diharap menjadi landasan kukuh bagi negara anggota ASEAN meningkatkan kerjasama dan pemahaman bagi tadbir urus yang baik melalui penerapan nilai sejagat, promosi budaya kerjasama, keamanan dan keharmonian di rantau ini.
Program dialog ini melibatkan panel dari Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Filipina, Laos, Vietnam, Kemboja dan Singapura.
Kira-kira 200 peserta terdiri daripada pembuat dasar, pengamal tadbir urus, cendekiawan dan pihak terlibat dari sektor swasta, masyarakat sivil serta pelajar hadir pada majlis berkenaan.
Sumber: BERNAMA[:]